C

Click on the icon info to get details.

Species data

Common Formula	C
Stoichiometric Formula	C
Name	Carbon atom
Mass	12.00000 a.m.u
Charge	0
CAS	7440-44-0
Inchi	InChI=1S/C
InchiKey	OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
State	Ground State

Search all reactions with C

KIDA C

ISM Abundance

log₁₀ Abundance	Reference	Source Name	Source Type	Link

Polarizability

Evaluation	Definition	Value (Å³)	Method	Origin	Reference
	total	1.67 ±0.03	Reviews and Evaluations	Bibliography	Schwerdtfeger, Peter et al. ;2019;Molecular Physics;117, 1200-1225
	total	1.76 ±0.0352	Calculations	Bibliography	Lide, D. R.. ;2001;

Definition: total Value (Å³): 1.67 ±0.03 Method: Reviews and Evaluations Origin: Bibliography Reference: Schwerdtfeger, Peter et al. ;2019;Molecular Physics;117, 1200-1225
Definition: total Value (Å³): 1.76 ±0.0352 Method: Calculations Origin: Bibliography Reference: Lide, D. R.. ;2001;

Dipole moment

Evaluation	Value (D)	Method	Origin	Reference
	0	N/A	Database : NIST COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY COMPARISON AND BENCHMARK DATABASE

Value (D): 0 Method: N/A Origin: Database : NIST COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY COMPARISON AND BENCHMARK DATABASE Reference:

Enthalpy of formation

Evaluation	T (K)	Value (kJ.mol^-1)	Method	Origin	Reference
	0	711.198 ±0.45	Reviews and Evaluations	Database : Burcat
	298	716.67 ±0.45	Reviews and Evaluations	Database : Burcat
	298	716.68 ±0.45	Measurements	Database : CCCBDB (http://cccbdb.nist.gov/)
	0	711.19 ±0.45	Measurements	Database : CCCBDB (http://cccbdb.nist.gov/)

T (K): 0 Value (kJ.mol^-1) : 711.198 ±0.45 Method: Reviews and Evaluations Origin: Other database Reference:
T (K): 298 Value (kJ.mol^-1) : 716.67 ±0.45 Method: Reviews and Evaluations Origin: Other database Reference:
T (K): 298 Value (kJ.mol^-1) : 716.68 ±0.45 Method: Measurements Origin: Other database Reference:
T (K): 0 Value (kJ.mol^-1) : 711.19 ±0.45 Method: Measurements Origin: Other database Reference:

Desorption energy

Evaluation	E_mean (K)	E_min (K)	E_max (K)	Pre-exponential factor (s^-1)	Order factor	Method	Origin	Reference	Type of surface	Description
	10000 ±3000	0	0	0.00E+0	1	Calculations	Bibliography	Wakelam, V. et al. ;2017;ArXiv e-prints;,	H2O	To estimate the unknown binding energies (for most of the radicals for example), we have developed a model founded on the stabilization energy of the complex between the various species and one water molecule. Then, we assume that the binding energy of the species with ASW is proportional to the energy of interaction between this species and one water molecule. To determine the proportionality coefficients, we fit the dependency of the experimental binding energies versus the calculated energies of the complexes for 16 stable molecules. Uncertainties in ED is estimated to be 30%. The preexponential factor is to be computed using the Hasegawa et al. (1992) approximation.
	15981			7.38E+14	1	Reviews and Evaluations	Bibliography	Minissale, Marco et al. ;2022;ACS Earth and Space Chemistry;,	Compact Amorphous Solid Water	Uncertainties are discussed in Minissale et al. (2022)
	15981			7.38E+14	1	Reviews and Evaluations	Bibliography	Minissale, Marco et al. ;2022;ACS Earth and Space Chemistry;,	SiO2	Uncertainties are discussed in Minissale et al. (2022)
	800	0	0	0.00E+0	1	Estimation	Bibliography	Tielens, A.G.G.M. et al. ;1982;Astronomy and Astrophysics;114, 245-260	H2O	This binding energy was listed in the original OSU gas-grain code from Eric Herbst group in 2006. The pre-exponential factor is not given. It can be computed using the formula given in Hasegawa et al. (1992).
	4000	0	0	0.00E+0	1	Estimation	Bibliography	Ruaud, M. et al. ;2015;Monthly Notices of The Royal Astronomical Society;447,4004-4017	H2O	The value by Tielens & Hagen (1982) of 800 K is very likely underestimated. The pre-exponential factor is not given. It can be computed using the formula given in Hasegawa et al. (1992).

E_mean (K): 10000 ±3000 E _min (K): 0 E _max (K): 0 Pre-exponential factor (s^-1): 0.00E+0 Method: Calculations Origin: Bibliography Reference: Wakelam, V. et al. ;2017;ArXiv e-prints;, Type of surface: H2O Description: To estimate the unknown binding energies (for most of the radicals for example), we have developed a model founded on the stabilization energy of the complex between the various species and one water molecule. Then, we assume that the binding energy of the species with ASW is proportional to the energy of interaction between this species and one water molecule. To determine the proportionality coefficients, we fit the dependency of the experimental binding energies versus the calculated energies of the complexes for 16 stable molecules. Uncertainties in ED is estimated to be 30%. The preexponential factor is to be computed using the Hasegawa et al. (1992) approximation. Evaluation:
E_mean (K): 15981 E _min (K): E _max (K): Pre-exponential factor (s^-1): 7.38E+14 Method: Reviews and Evaluations Origin: Bibliography Reference: Minissale, Marco et al. ;2022;ACS Earth and Space Chemistry;, Type of surface: Compact Amorphous Solid Water Description: Uncertainties are discussed in Minissale et al. (2022) Evaluation:
E_mean (K): 15981 E _min (K): E _max (K): Pre-exponential factor (s^-1): 7.38E+14 Method: Reviews and Evaluations Origin: Bibliography Reference: Minissale, Marco et al. ;2022;ACS Earth and Space Chemistry;, Type of surface: SiO2 Description: Uncertainties are discussed in Minissale et al. (2022) Evaluation:
E_mean (K): 800 E _min (K): 0 E _max (K): 0 Pre-exponential factor (s^-1): 0.00E+0 Method: Estimation Origin: Bibliography Reference: Tielens, A.G.G.M. et al. ;1982;Astronomy and Astrophysics;114, 245-260 Type of surface: H2O Description: This binding energy was listed in the original OSU gas-grain code from Eric Herbst group in 2006. The pre-exponential factor is not given. It can be computed using the formula given in Hasegawa et al. (1992). Evaluation:
E_mean (K): 4000 E _min (K): 0 E _max (K): 0 Pre-exponential factor (s^-1): 0.00E+0 Method: Estimation Origin: Bibliography Reference: Ruaud, M. et al. ;2015;Monthly Notices of The Royal Astronomical Society;447,4004-4017 Type of surface: H2O Description: The value by Tielens & Hagen (1982) of 800 K is very likely underestimated. The pre-exponential factor is not given. It can be computed using the formula given in Hasegawa et al. (1992). Evaluation:

Diffusion energy

Evaluation	E (K)	Pre-exponential factor (cm² s^-1)	Method	Origin	Reference	Substrate	Type of diffusion	Description
	1020 ±40	0.00E+0	Measurements	Bibliography	Tsuge, Masashi et al. ;2023;Nature Astronomy;,	Compact ASW	Surface	The diffusion energy is valid for physisorbed C atoms

E (K): 1020 ±40 Pre-exponential factor (cm² s^-1): 0.00E+0 Method: Measurements Origin: Bibliography Reference: Tsuge, Masashi et al. ;2023;Nature Astronomy;, Substrate: Compact ASW Type of diffusion: Surface Description: The diffusion energy is valid for physisorbed C atoms Evaluation: